ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon. It is estimated that by 2050, one of five persons will be aged ≥60 years. In Chile, 15.8% of the population is now aged ≥60 years, and this figure will reach 30.7% by 2050. In 2006, a national program was implemented to provide assistive devices to older adults aged ≥65 years with limited mobility or difficulty performing activities of daily living. To date, there have been no assessments of the program’s effectiveness. OBJECTIVE Assess the effectiveness of an assistive devices policy in Chile on improving functional capacity of older adults aged ≥65 years, and beneficiaries’ perceptions of the services received, including changes in their quality of life. METHODS This was a before–after longitudinal study. A cohort of 309 persons was recruited, consisting of patients who received care at a public hospital in Santiago, Chile during 2014–2015. They were assessed before delivery of assistive devices, then followed for seven months, with repeated evaluations made in their homes. The following indicators were measured: functional capacity (Tinetti scale and Barthel Index); changes in perceived quality of life related to use of assistive devices; and other sociodemographic, clinical and protocol-compliance variables. A longitudinal analysis of before–after progress was carried out, as well as a description of service delivery and medical followup. RESULTS Sixty-eight percent of those surveyed were women; median age was 74 years, average schooling was 6 years, and 93% had low income (monthly income <US$398). Assistive devices increased independence in activities of daily living, improved mobility and perceived quality of life, and decreased fall risk and pain. One hundred percent felt satisfied with the service received, 91% were trained in use of the device, and delivery deadlines were met in 83% of cases, but only 2% were followed up. One negative aspect is that the program covers only 25% of estimated need. CONCLUSIONS This assistive device program helps improve functional capacity and perceived quality of life in vulnerable patients who are able to access it. It addresses a real need and is highly valued by patients. Although delivery schedules were fulfilled, followup care schedules were not.

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las motivaciones sociales de los estudiantes de Educación mención Orientación de la Universidad del Zulia y establecer correlaciones con el rendimiento académico, con el propósito de comprobar la vinculación entre dichas variables. La investigación fue descriptiva, correlacional, de campo. Se efectuaron aplicaciones colectivas de los instrumentos Motivación al logro (MLP), motivación de afiliación (MAFI) y motivación del poder social (MPS) a 388 estudiantes de todos los semestres con edad promedio de 21 años. Los datos se analizaron utilizando estadísticas descriptivas. Los promedios de la motivación al logro y de afiliación estuvieron en el nivel alto y la motivación al poder se situó en el nivel medio; en los tres casos con una dispersión media en los puntajes. La correlación entre la motivación al logro y rendimiento académico fue de 0.37 (positiva media), con poder -0.02 (nula) y -0.18 con la afiliación (negativa baja).

The object of this study was to describe the social motivations of the students of Education specialized in Counseling from the Universidad del Zulia and to establish correlations with the academic performance, establishing as a purpose to prove the link between these two variables. The research is characterized by being descriptive, correlational, and a fieldwork. It established collective applications of the instruments Motivation to Achievement (MA), Motivation by Affiliation (MAFI) and Motivation of the Social Power (MSP) to 388 students from all the semesters with a 21 year-old average. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The averages of motivation to achievement and motivation by affiliation were in a high level and the motivation to social power located at a medium level; in the three cases with a medium dispersion in the ratings. The correlation between motivation to achievement and academic performance was 0.37 (positive medium), with power -0.02 (null) and -0.18 with affiliation (negative low).

Les objectifs de cette étude essaient de décrire les motivations sociales des étudiants d`éducation de la spécialité d`orientation de l`« Universidad del Zulia » et établir des corrélations avec le rendement académique, afin de prouver le lien entre ces variables. La recherche a été descriptive, corrélationnelle, sur les lieux. L`on a effectué des applications collectives des instruments: Motivation pour la réussite, Motivation d`affiliation et Motivation au pouvoir social à 388 étudiants de tous les niveaux. La moyenne d`âge est de 21 ans. Les données ont été analysées à travers l`utilisation des statistiques descriptives. Les moyennes de motivation à la réussite et d`affiliation ont été au haut niveau et la motivation au pouvoir au niveau moyen; dans les trois cas, il y a une dispersion moyenne dans les ponctuations. La corrélation entre la motivation à la réussite et rendement académique a été de 0.37 (positive moyenne), avec pouvoir -0.02 (nulle) et -0.18 avec l`affiliation (négative basse).

Introduction: In recent years it has been suggested to include nonaudiologic factors in the rehabilitation programs for older adults. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe social, familial and general health factors affecting older adults (OA) beneficiaries of the 2006 hearing aid program at the Padre Hurtado Hospital in Santiago. Material and Method: Patients, 65year old or older, that received hearing aids at the ORL Department during 2006, were interviewed. Results: 87% of patients that received a hearing aid were Interviewed. Age range was 65 to 98 years old (x=77.6). Results can be summarized as follows: a) In 63% of the Interviewed patients, the main caretaker was a son or daughter, b) 66%> presented some kind of physical limitations (visual or motor, treated or non-treated), c) 78%> had an Income of some sort (pension, for example); only2%> had no income of any type, d) 7%> of the Interviewed Individuals were Illiterate, e) 37%> attend medical controls accompanied by a son or daughter, and f) only 19% assists regularly to social activities within their neighborhood. Conclusions: Current auditory rehabilitation programs pose the need of considering nonaudiologic factors when evaluating a patient that requires some type of hearing aid.

Introducción: En los últimos años se ha sugerido incorporar factores no audiológico en los programas de rehabilitación auditiva del adulto mayor. Objetivo: Conocer factores sociales, familiares y de salud general de los adultos mayores (AM) beneficiarios del programa de audífonos año 2006 del Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago. Material y método: Se entrevistaron pacientes cuya edad fue >65 años atendidos en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología durante el año 2006 que recibieron audífonos. Resultados: Se realizó la entrevista al 87% de los beneficiados. El rango de edad de los pacientes fue de 65 a 98 años (x =77,6). Los resultados observados fueron los siguientes; a) en el 63%> de los entrevistados el cuidador es un hijo (a), b) el 66%> de los Individuos presentaban limitaciones físicas (visuales o motrices, con o sin tratamiento) c) el 78%> presenta algún tipo de Ingreso económico (ejemplo pensión de vejez) sólo 2%> no presenta ingreso, d) el 7%> de los entrevistados son analfabetos, e) el 37%> asiste a los controles médicos con su hijo (a), y f) sólo el 19% participa en actividades sociales dentro de su comuna. Conclusión: Los programas actuales de rehabilitación auditiva plantean la necesidad de considerar factores no audiológicos al momento de evaluar un paciente que requiere de algún tipo de ayuda técnica auditiva.

El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar la cultura y el aprendizaje organizacional en instituciones educativas, basados en los postulados teóricos de Shein (1992), Guns (1998) y Senge (2006), entre otros. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, basado en el paradigma postpositivista, y el método hermenéutico. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y la observación, a 10 directores y 10 docentes, informantes claves seleccionados intencionalmente de instituciones públicas de educación básica del municipio Maracaibo. Se encontró que prevalecen principios establecidos tácitamente como la misión, y que los valores considerados importantes son la responsabilidad, la justicia, la honestidad, solidaridad, compromiso con la enseñanza y los alumnos, dedicación, tolerancia, equidad, calidad, armonía, democracia, lealtad y respeto. El aprendizaje que se obtiene es respecto a las tareas y sistemas, pero poco en relación a lo cultural (valores y creencias), liderazgo, equipo, estrategias empresariales, ser reflexivo y transformador.

The purpose of this study was to analyze organizational culture and learning in educational institutions, based on the theories of Shein (1992) and Senge (2006). Qualitative methodology, based on a post-positivist paradigm, and the hermeneutic method were used. Semi-structured interviews and observations were carried out with 10 directors and 10 teachers, key informants selected intentionally from public basic education institutions in the Maracaibo municipality. It was found that tacitly established principles such as mission prevail and that the values considered important are responsibility, justice, honesty, solidarity, commitment to teaching and the students, dedication, tolerance, fairness, quality, harmony, democracy, loyalty and respect. The learning obtained was related to the tasks and systems, but there was little related to cultural elements (values and beliefs), leadership, teamwork, business strategies, being reflective and transforming.

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar si existen diferencias entre los grupos de altas y bajas motivaciones sociales (logro, poder y afiliación) en relación al rendimiento académico de estudiantes del primer semestre de diferentes menciones de la carrera de educación de la Universidad del Zulia. Fue un estudio de tipo descriptivo, de campo con un diseño no experimental transeccional. La muestra estuvo integrada por tres menciones, seleccionadas al azar de las 11ofrecidas por dicha casa de estudio, conformadas en total por 126 estudiantes, entre 16 y 43 años. Se aplicaron los inventarios de Motivación al Logro (MLP), Afiliación (MAFI) y Poder (MPS) de Romero y Salom (1990), que utilizan una escala Likert con 6 alternativas de respuesta. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y la prueba t de Student para determinar diferencias en el rendimiento académico, entre los grupos alto y bajo en las motivaciones al logro, poder y afiliación, aplicando el paquete estadístico SPSS. Solo se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos extremos en la motivación a la afiliación, siendo el rendimiento académico mayor en aquellos estudiantes con alta motivación a la afiliación.

The purpose of this research was to determine the differences between high and low level social motivation (achievement, power and affiliation) groups in relation to academic achievement of first semester students in various careers in School of Education at the Zulia University. It used a descriptive, field based, non-experimental trans-sectional experimental design. The sample was made up of three randomly selected careers, out of a total of 11 offered at that university. Each group was formed by 126 students, between 16 and 43 years of age. The following tests were applied; achievement motivation (MLP), affiliation (MAFI), and Power (MPS), by Romero and Salom (1990) that use a Likert scale with 6 answer alternatives. Descriptive statistics and Student T test were used in order to determinate differences in academic achievement between high and low groups in the achievement, power and affiliation motivations, applying SPSS. Significant differences were found between these groups in the affiliation motivation. The academic achievement was higher in high affiliation motivation.

Background: In Chile, 40% of deaths due to acute myocardial infarction occur in women. Aim: To assess the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in women with acute coronary syndromes. Patients and methods: Thirty four women aged 46 to 55 years old, admitted to the hospital due to an acute coronary syndrome and 102 age matched healthy women were studied. A clinical history was obtained, blood pressure and fasting serum lipids were measured. Results: A history of high blood pressure was present in 65 and 16% of patients and healthy controls respectively. Seventy seven percent of patients and 36% of controls smoked, 76% of patients and 48% of controls were postmenopausal, 21% of patients an 5% of controls were diabetic. In patients and controls respectively serum total cholesterol was 230.1±36.2 and 211.2±34.8 mg/dl, serum triacylglycerol was 213.4±109.4 and 143.2±76.9 mg/dl and serum HDL cholesterol was 44.1±10.8 and 49.8±13.3 mg/dl (p<0.001 or less). In univariate analysis, the risk of acute coronary syndrome increased with high blood pressure (OR: 9.3, CI: 2.5-18.6), menopause (OR: 8.3, CI: 2,2-31:5), smoking (OR: 6.9, CI: 2.5-18.6), diabetes mellitus (OR: 5.0, CI: 1.4-17.5), a high total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (OR: 6.6, CI: 1.8-12.5) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 3.6, CI: 1.5-8.5). Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension and menopause had the higher predictive values for acute coronary syndrome. Conclusions: In this group of women with acute coronary syndromes, the main coronary risk factors were high blood pressure and menopause (Rev Méd Chile 2001; 129: 995-1002)